2015年11月22日星期日

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (六)

假正經的特點,是裝模作樣。裝甚麼呢?一裝有道德,二裝有學問,三裝很正派,其實是做正人君子狀。怎樣做狀?正襟危坐,不苟言笑,規行矩步,固守雷池。……。有學問怎麼裝?掉書袋、打官腔、拽、賣弄、鑽牛角尖。比方說,一句「學而時習之」,能寫二三萬字的注釋。這也不需要多高的智商,肯花工夫就行。(《魏晉的風度》)
大多數的中國人,……真正喜歡的,還是世俗的生活……。他們追求的,也大多是世俗的價值……。(《禪宗的境界》)
佛法就在人世當中,你要學的佛法,就得到社會生活中去。離開現實尋找佛法,就像在兔子頭上找角,那是找不到的。(《禪宗的境界》)
印度人,大概是世界上最不怕麻煩的。他們講任何一個問題,都喜歡掰開了揉碎了,反反覆覆的證明,分得非常的細。……有這份耐心,喜歡掰開了揉碎了,反反覆覆說事的,中國歷史上只有一個墨子。不過,墨子可是被懷疑為印度人的。就算不是印度人,他那種方法,也不對中國人的胃口。所以,他的學說,雖然也興盛一時,卻終於銷聲匿跡。同樣,玄奘到西天取來真經,也沒能傳下去。為甚麼?太繁瑣。……中國人是不耐煩的。中國人從來就認為,一件事情,差不多就行了。(《禪宗的境界》)
執,就是一根筋,死心眼,不開竅,認死理。……執則迷,迷則不悟,叫「執迷不悟」。(《禪宗的境界》)

否定的是執著,肯定的是自由;否定的是教條,肯定的是自我。(《禪宗的境界》)

2015年11月8日星期日

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (五)

要詆毀一個人,最好的辦法,是躲在人群裏,指指點點,欲言又止,然後大搖其頭。這樣,大家就不知道這個人有多壞。實際上,這個人可能一點都不壞。但「無毀」的殺傷力,卻很大。因為如果你把這個人的「罪狀」都一條一條數出來,可能就會有人說「這不是事實啊」,或者說「這也沒甚麼啊」,甚至說「我看很好啊」,等等。如果你只是搖着腦袋說「他啊,他啊」,就至少讓人起疑。疑心生暗鬼。這個本來真沒甚麼的人,沒準從此就「有甚麼」了。(《老子的方法》)
最偉大、最崇高的人,也一定能夠包容……「最不能容於天下的人」。因為世界之大,無奇不有。如果只能包容謙謙君子,不能包容卑鄙小人,那就不叫「包容」了。再說了,君子,還需要包容嗎?……但我不主張把這個觀點,表述為「包容一切」。如果「包容一切」,那麼請問,包不包容「不包容」?(《老子的方法》)
最高級的東西,都不可能是做出來的。你做不出,它也不需要做。(《老子的方法》)
智商低的人,是吃不開的。相反,如果智商特高,能言善辯,反應敏捷,就會受到追捧,成為人物……。(《魏晉的風度》)
長相外貌固然重要,精神氣質就更重要。(《魏晉的風度》)
嵇康也好,阮籍也好,比那些衛道士們更要看重禮教,看重孔孟之道。只不過湯武周孔、禮教綱常等等,已經被那些陰謀家、野心家、偽君子,變成了謀私的工具。阮籍、嵇康這些「真君子」,就只好宣布不要禮教,免得被那些傢伙「道德綁架」。(《魏晉的風度》)

「假不正經」……是對付「假正經」最有力的武器。(《魏晉的風度》)

2015年10月24日星期六

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (四)

一支軍隊或者一個人,如果當真天下無敵,或自以為天下無敵,他還會心慈手軟,克制自己,不打第一槍嗎?不會。(《老子的方法》)
戰爭,只要達到目的就行了。成功了不驕傲(果而勿驕),成功了不得意(果而勿矜),成功了不炫耀(果而勿伐),知道成功是不得已(果而毋得已居),這就叫「只求達到目的,無意耀武揚威」(是謂果而勿強)。(《老子的方法》)
會打仗的,也應該學女人。怎麼學?以靜制動,以逸待勞,敵進我退,以柔克剛。其實,打仗跟做愛,還挺像。都是「相交」,都要發生關係。……真正會打仗的,總是後來居上,後發制人。(《老子的方法》)
一般俗眾都認死理。他們認為,好的就一定好,壞的就一定壞;最好就是最好,最壞就是最壞。實際上,哪有那麼簡單?……我們得多一個心眼,學會反過來想問題。比如大家都說好的,可能其實未必好;都說不好,則可能其實並不壞。……如果認為是非成敗都一成不變,那就大錯特錯。(《老子的方法》)
尊貴,是以卑賤為根本(貴以賤為本);崇高,是以卑下為基礎的(高以下為基)。(《老子的方法》)

給個不停,等於沒給;要個沒完,等於沒要;反覆讚美,等於沒讚美。因此最好的讚美,就使不讚美。……因為根本就用不着,也讚美不了。(《老子的方法》)

2015年10月4日星期日

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (三)

認死理有兩種。一種是認自個兒的死理,總認為自己想的、說的、知道的,都是對的。還有一種是認別人的死理。聽到一種說法就一口咬定,逮住不放。(《中庸的原則》)
中庸的,絕不是鄉愿的。鄉愿的,是見人說人話,見鬼說鬼話。這是耍滑頭,是不誠實,是見風使舵,吹牛拍馬。中庸的相反,是見鬼說人話,見人說鬼話,反着來。目的,是要以他平他,是要濟其不及,以洩其過。(《中庸的原則》)
道德標準……一定是最普通的,是每個人都能做到的常人之道。否則,這個標準提出來,就沒有意義,就成了唱高調。……但是,另一方面,它又一定不是輕易就能做到的。輕而易舉就能做到,道德的修養,人格的塑造,就沒有了必要。(《中庸的原則》)
所謂先勝而後求戰,只是孫子的主張,……也可以不同意。想想也是,世界上,哪能每件事情都有百分之百的把握呢?一定要穩操勝券才動手,有些事情恐怕就別做了。其實,……打仗就像做生意,有時是要憑直覺的。《兵家的思考》)
在求戰之前,你要有足夠的把握和準備。有備則無患,盲動就只能靠僥倖了;而僥倖,是靠不住的。(《兵家的思考》)
敗不敗,在自己。勝不勝,在敵人。……所有人都是被自己打敗的。(《兵家的思考》)

求生,是人的本能。只要有一線希望,大多數人也都是想生還的,哪怕是僥倖。只有被逼入絕境,置於死地,才會拼死一搏。……所以,有時候,高明的將領也會故意……把必死必生統一起來了,還反其道而用之。……必生就變成了必死。而且,這個必死,還不再是弱點,而是優勢。……所以,……看問題,得講辯證法,不能認死理。(《兵家的思考》)

2015年9月26日星期六

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (二)

中就是不走極端,庸就是不唱高調。……中庸就是無過、無不及,就是恰到好處。(《中庸的原則》)
一個人應該質樸,同時又應該有修養。如果過於質樸,一點修養也沒有,……就會粗鄙、粗俗、粗魯。……相反,如果太講究修飾,一舉一動都中規中矩,每句說話都挑不出毛病,這樣的人就虛偽。因為他永遠在說正確的話,連標點符號都不會錯,這得用多深的心計啊!這樣的人,我是不敢交朋友的,因為我永遠不知道他心裏想甚麼。(《中庸的原則》)
世界上沒有最好,只有最合適。……實際上,對你最合適的,就是最好的。(《中庸的原則》)
中國人,一講靈活性,很容易就變成油滑,變成世故,變成沒有原則。一講原則性呢?又很容易變成公事公辦,毫不通融。總之,原則性不強,就會變成圓滑,靈活性不夠,就變成刻板。所以儒家認為,有經有權,需要很高的修養。(《中庸的原則》)
白衣難穿,好人難做。(《中庸的原則》)
清一色,未必是甚麼好事。相反,越是多樣,越有差異,越好。……但是,單一固然不是和諧;如果只有多樣,也不是。既多樣又統一,才是和諧。(《中庸的原則》)

美學上有個原理,叫做有距離才有美感。(《中庸的原則》)

2015年9月6日星期日

易中天《中國智慧》摘錄 (一)

越是高級的東西越簡單,越是真理越明瞭。一種觀點,一種學說,如果不能用簡約平易的方式去表達,不能用最通俗易懂的語言講清楚,那它還是不是真理,就值得懷疑。(《周易的啟示》)
別以為成功了,勝利了,就一勞永逸、萬事大吉,可以高枕無憂!告訴你,天下事,了猶未了。後面的麻煩,多了去。你還是戰戰兢兢,如臨深淵,如履薄冰(《詩‧小雅‧小旻》),夾起尾巴做人吧!(《周易的啟示》)
得意忘形,牛皮哄哄,動不動就說甚麼不高興,至少是不成熟的表現吧?(《周易的啟示》)
憂患意識同時也就是理性態度。因為所謂憂患,就是既非盲目樂觀,也非一味悲觀。可見沒有理性,也不會有憂患。沒有理性會怎麼樣呢?要麼得意忘形、肆無忌憚,以為天上總會掉下餡餅;要麼提心吊膽、疑神疑鬼、歇斯底里、神經質。(《周易的啟示》)
事物在變化發展時就有前途,是吉的;停滯、不變化,就沒有前途,是凶的。(《周易的啟示》)
某個時候,你覺得倒楣透了,就千萬不要沮喪。咬咬牙,挺過去,也就柳暗花明。同樣,一帆風順,紅紅火火,也千萬不要春風得意,倒楣的事一定在等着你。……所以,逆境中,要有信心。順境中呢?最好還是居安思危,夾起尾巴做人。(《周易的啟示》)

你要反對他吧,他沒甚麼可反對的;你要批評他吧,他沒甚麼可批評的。……看起來很好,又忠誠、又誠信、又廉潔……大家都喜歡他……他自己也很得意。但是,他在本質上是同流合污……,不合正道……。這樣的人,就叫做老好人,就叫做鄉愿。(《中庸的原則》)

2015年8月22日星期六

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States and the World (5)

You must not overlook the importance of discussions with knowledgeable people. I would say that is much more productive than absorbing and running through masses of documents. Because in a short exchange, you can abstract from somebody who has immense knowledge and experience the essence of what he had gained.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
Had we not become streetwise, we would have been clobbered. Like dogs which are closeted in a bungalow behind fences, we would have been run over when exposed to treacherous traffic.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
I do not believe that because a theory sounds good, looks logical on paper, or is presented logically, therefore that is the way it will work out. The final test is life.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
History does not repeat itself in the same way each time, but certain trends and consequences are constants… To understand the present and anticipate the future, one must know enough of the past… One must appreciate not merely what took place, but , more especially, why it took place and in that particular way.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
The lessons their elders have learned at great pain and expense can add to the knowledge of the young and help them to cope with problems and dangers they had not faced before; but such learning, second hand, is never as vivid, as deep, or as durable as that which was personally experienced.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
Only those count and matter who have the strength and courage of their convictions to stick up and stand up for what they believe in, for their people, for their country, regardless of what happens to them.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
Before you have, you must want to have.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks

You are a born leader or you are not a leader.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks

2015年8月8日星期六

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States and the World (4)

In a settled and established society, law appears to be a precursor of order… But the hard realities… can be more accurately described if the phrase were inverted to ‘order and law’, for without order, the operation of law is impossible.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
[W]hen a state of increasing disorder and defiance of authority cannot be checked by the rules then existing… drastic rules have to be forged to maintain order so that the law can continue to govern human relations. The alternative is to surrender order for chaos and anarchy.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
Human beings, regrettable though it may be, are inherently vicious and have to be restrained from their viciousness.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
We may have conquered space, but we have not learned to conquer our own primeval instincts and emotions that were necessary for our survival in the Stone Age, not in the space age.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
It is assumed that all men and women are equal and should be equal… But is equality realistic?… One of the facts of life is that no two things are ever equal, either in smallness or in bigness. Living things are never equal. Even in the case of identical twins, one comes out before the other and takes precedence over the other.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks
[T]he unwisdom of powerful intellects, including Albert Einstein, [was that] they believed that a powerful brain can devise a better system and bring about more ‘social justice’ than what historical evolution, or economic Darwinism, has been able to work out over the centuries.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks

You can read about [a good idea], but it is irrelevant if you do not relate it to yourself.———Chapter 9: How Lee Kuan Yew Thinks

2015年7月25日星期六

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States and the World (3)

I learned to ignore criticism and advice from experts and quasi-experts, especially academics in the social and political sciences. They have pet theories on how a society should develop to approximate their ideal, especially how poverty should be reduced and welfare extended. I always try to be correct, not politically correct.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
I do not take anything all that seriously. If I did, I would be quite a sick man. A number of foolish things will be said about you. If you take them all seriously, you will get quite demented.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
Government, to be effective, must at least give the impression of enduring, and a government which is open to the vagaries of the ballot box… is a government which is already weakened before it starts to govern.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
My idea of popular government is that you do not have to be popular all the time when you are governing… There are moments when you have to be thoroughly unpopular… If you want to be popular all the time, you will misgovern.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
I have never been over-concerned or obsessed with opinion polls or popularity polls. I think a leader who is, is a weak leader. If you are concerned with whether your rating will go up or down, then you are not a leader. You are just catching the wind… you will go where the wind is blowing… What the crowd thinks of me from time to time, I consider totally irrelevant… The whole ground can be against, but if I know this is right, I set out to do it, and I am quite sure, given time, as events unfold, I will win over the ground.”———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
[N]owhere in the world today are [rights and freedoms] allowed to be practiced without limitations, for blindly applied, these ideals can work toward the undoing of organized society.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy
For the acid test of any legal system is not the greatness or the grandeur of its ideal concepts, but whether, in fact, it is able to produce order and justice in the relationships between person and person, and between person and the state. To maintain this order with the best degree of tolerance and humanity is a problem.———Chapter 8: The Future of Democracy

2015年7月11日星期六

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States and the World (2)

I do not believe that Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Singapore could have succeeded… if they had to work under [American-style] constitution, where gridlock on every major issue is a way of life.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States
To get good government, you must have good people in charge of government. I have observed in the last 40 years that even with a poor system of government, but with good strong people in charge, people get passable government with decent progress. On the other hand, I have seen many ideal systems of government fail… Nothing wrong with the constitution, with the institutions and the checks and the balances. But the societies did not have the leaders who could work those institutions, nor the people who respected those institutions… The leaders who inherited these constitutions were not equal to the job, and their countries failed, and their system collapsed in riots, in coups, and in revolution.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States
It is the people who run the system who make it come to life.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States
Political systems that yield inferior economic performance will ultimately be discarded for those that are more productive.———Chapter 2: The Future of India
Standing still is a sure way to extinction.———Chapter 6: The Future of National Economic Growth
While the scholar is still the greatest factor in economic progress, he will be so only if he uses his brains – not in studying the great books, classical texts, and poetry, but in capturing and discovering new knowledge… and the myriad of new subjects that need to be mastered.———Chapter 6: The Future of National Economic Growth
A short mountain range is unlike to have peaks that can equal Mount Everest.———Chapter 6: The Future of National Economic Growth

Unlike workers in the repetitive, machine-based age, tomorrow’s workers must depend more on their own knowledge and skills. They have to manage their own control systems, supervise themselves, and take upon themselves the responsibility to upgrade. They must be disciplined enough to think on their own and to seek to excel without someone breathing down their neck. Workers in the new economy cannot be content with just problem solving and perfecting the known. They must be enterprising and innovative, always seeking new ways of doing the job, to create the extra value, the extra edge.———Chapter 6: The Future of National Economic Growth

2015年6月21日星期日

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States and the World (1)

China wants to be China and accepted as such, not as an honorary member of the West.———Chapter 1: The Future of China
[China’s] creativity may never match America’s, because its culture does not permit a free exchange and contest of ideas.———Chapter 1: The Future of China
Chief among these [obstacles] are… a huge country in which little emperors across a vast expanse exercise greater local influence; cultural habits that limit imagination and creativity, rewarding conformity; a language that shapes thinking through epigrams and 4,000 years of texts that suggest everything worth saying has already been said, and said better by earlier writers; a language that is exceedingly difficult for foreigners to learn sufficiently to embrace China and be embraced by its society…———Chapter 1: The Future of China
To achieve modernization of China, her Communist leaders are prepared to try all and every method, except for democracy with one person and one vote in a multi-party system. Their two main reasons are their belief that the Communist Party of China must have a monopoly on power to ensure stability; and their deep fear of instability in a multiparty free-for-all, which would lead to a loss of control by the centre over the provinces, with horrendous consequences, like the war lord years of 1920s and ‘30s.———Chapter 1: The Future of China
Throughout history, all empires that succeeded have embraced and included in their midst people of other races, languages, religions, and cultures.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States
Entrepreneurs and investors alike see risk and failure as natural and necessary for success. When they fail, they pick themselves up and start afresh.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States
I do not believe that democracy necessarily leads to development. I believe that what a country needs to develop is discipline more than democracy. The exuberance of democracy leads to undisciplined and disorderly conditions which are inimical to development. The ultimate test of the value of a political system is whether it helps that society to establish conditions which improve the standard of living for the majority of its people, plus enabling the maximum of personal freedoms compatible with the freedoms of others in society.———Chapter 2: The Future of the United States

2015年6月7日星期日

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew at 80 (2)

It is amazing the number of highly intelligent persons in the world who make no contribution at all to the well-being of their fellow men.
我很驚訝世上有許許多多才高智睿的人,居然對同胞的福利沒有半點貢獻。
[Valour] is when a man knows what the odds are, and he says, “Notwithstanding that, I must do so.”
真正稱得上英勇的人,是權衡利害之後,敢於說「雖然如此,我還是要勇往直前」的人
Let’s settle for what we are. You look at your brother, look at your cousins, that’s what’s on the market. If you go by SBC drama, you’re in trouble. You will spend the rest of your life looking for a dream husband, who isn’t there, and for a girl who does not exist except with very careful make-up.
我們對配偶長相的要求應該實際。你只要看一看自己的兄弟,自己的表親,一般人的長相也不外如是。如果你以新廣電視劇的演員為標準,你就麻煩了,一輩子都在尋找十全十美的丈夫,而這位標準丈夫是不存在的;或是尋找絕色美女,而這夢想中的伴侶除了靠化妝打扮,根本就不存在。
The human being is an unequal creature…Never will be [equal].
每個人的天資不一……人類不平等是改變不了的事實
He who loses his patience, loses his temper, loses the argument, and loses the case.
克制不了情緒的人容易發大脾氣,使自己顯得理虧,最後有理也變成無理。
If they could have just squeezed us like an orange, I think the juice would have been squeezed out of us. But it was more like the durian. You try and squeeze it, your hand gets hurt. And so they say, “Right, throw away the durian.” But inside the durian is a very useful ingredient, high protein… and we will progress.
假如我們脆弱如一個橙,他們的確可輕易將我們榨乾。可是我們更像榴槤,企圖施壓的人會弄傷雙手,他們可能會說:「好吧,我把榴槤丟掉。」然而,榴槤裏頭含有營養豐富的蛋白質……而我們將繼續進步。
In my short life, I have sung four national anthems… God Save the King… the Kimigayo… back again to God Save the Queen… Negara Ku… then we sing Majulah Singapura. Are you sure that this is the only anthem you will sing?

在我短短的一生,我先後唱了四首國歌……「天佑國王」……「君之代」……「天佑女王」……馬來西亞國歌……然後才唱「前進吧!新加坡」。你能肯定你一輩子只唱這首國歌嗎?

2015年5月23日星期六

Good Quotes —— Lee Kuan Yew at 80 (1)

You begin your journey not knowing where it will take you. You have plans, you have dreams, but every now and again you have to take uncharted roads, face impassable mountains, cross treacherous rivers, be blocked by landslides and earthquakes…So you cannot say that you planned your whole life.
我們踏上人生旅途時,前途充滿着未知數。我們有的是計劃、夢想,但是往往得走迂迴曲折的道路,對着難越的關山興嘆,搶渡險惡的急流,或被土崩和地震阻擋征途……換言之,人的一生是無法全盤計劃好的。
[Life]’s a parlour game, you know. At each stage, it is a crossroads. You take the road, you have changed direction, you proceed. There is no turning back.
人生有如一場要不斷作出抉擇的遊戲。每到一個階段,就必須作出抉擇。選擇了一條道路,改變了方向,就必須向前走,不能再回頭。
If you want people to stand up and take note of what you say, then it is in a moment of acute pain, or crisis, or anguish that you should stand up to be counted.
如果你要人們認同和重視你的言論,你就必須在大家面對危機,水深火熱的時候挺身而出。
You have got to have the courage to disavow your old beliefs in the light of your personal experience.
我們對人生有了新的領悟後,就應該鼓起勇氣破舊立新。
The day you can’t adjust and change, that day, you begin to shrivel and die…that’s all.
如果有一天,你再也不能適應,再也無法改變了,那就是你枯萎、凋謝的開始……就這麼簡單。
Can anybody really see himself for what he is? It’s a very subjective thing.
世人真有自知之明嗎?人人對自己的看法往往很主觀。
I don’t think I want to model my life on the Anglo-Saxon. I want to catch up with his material and scientific progress. I want to pick up and emulate some of his methods of organizing society, which have helped this progress. But I am not accepting as superior his culture or his way of life.

我不想模仿西方人。但是我希望趕上他們的物質和科學成就,也希望吸取和學習他們組織社會的方法,因為這會帶來進步。不過我不能接受他們的文化或生活方式比我們優越的說法

2015年5月9日星期六

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (七)

聖人有自知之明,並不向別人炫耀自己;自己愛惜自己,並不自以為了不起。(《第七十四章》)
死生禍福由天意,冥冥之中,一切自有安排。(《第七十五章》)
社會的兩極,高的應該壓一壓,低的應該抬一抬,把差距適當調節一下……不打算把兩者拉平。弓,如果上下拉平,弓背就折了。(《第七十九章》)
天道是甚麼?就是「損有餘而補不足」。人類社會太缺德,總是劫貧濟富,「損不足而奉有餘」,但缺德缺到頭,事情就反過來了。這時候,就會有人出來,借老天爺講話:既然你們劫貧濟富,我們就要劫富濟貧。(《第七十九章》)
有誰財富太多,良心過意不去,肯拿出來交給老天嗎?恐怕只是「有道者」吧?(《第七十九章》)
「正言若反」,亂世,是非顛倒,正話變反話,實在搞不清,你就把正話當反話,反話當正話,沒準,八九不離十。(《第八十章》)
天道於人無所厚薄,但它更喜歡的還是「善人」。(《第八十一章》)

消除怨恨的最好辦法是並不怪責對方,讓對方欠着自己……。(《第八十一章》)

2015年4月25日星期六

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (六)

事情臨近結束,往往功敗垂成,折騰半天又放棄,也太可惜,一定要小心對待,就像開頭一樣。(《第六十四章》)
老百姓難治,主要麻煩,就是他們還有頭腦,太有頭腦。(《第六十五章》)
你要在老百姓之上統治他們,就得懂得謙虛,放下架子,跟他們講客氣話;你要在老百姓前面領導他們,就得懂得退讓,不與老百姓爭利。這樣,老百姓才不會覺得你在前邊是威脅,你在上面是負擔。天下之人,誰都樂於擁戴你,而絕不拋棄你。這不是因為沒人與之爭,而是因為沒人可以與之爭。(《第六十六章》)
可信和可愛,……挑可信;穎悟和淵博,……挑穎悟;質量和數量,……挑質量。(《第六十八章》)
聖人不守財,越給別人,自己越富有。(《第六十八章》)
人之道,是走自己的路,不與人爭。(《第六十八章》)
大象無形,甚麼都不像。不像,才能大。……道是抽象,抽掉了萬物的象。它的特點是大,甚麼東西都可包容,但它本身,甚麼都不是,甚麼都不像。(《第六十九章》)
(仁慈)才有;有(節制)才有(擴張);不敢為天下先(後發制人),才能領先於所有成功者。(《第六十九章》)
善於取勝的人不與敵交手。(《第七十章》)

聖人不犯……毛病,是因為他把毛病當作毛病,所以不犯……毛病。(《第七十三章》)

2015年4月11日星期六

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (五)

道是最簡單的東西,追求道者必然追求簡單。(《第四十八章》)
人生苦短,生日總是越過越少。(《第五十章》)
人生,酸甜苦辣,五味俱全。我們是一輩子受苦,一輩子享福,還是先甜後苦,先苦後甜,還是先甜後苦又後甜,先苦後甜又後苦,可以有不同的配方。生活的機遇,實在很難預料。但《老子》說了,不管怎麼活,都是出生入死。(《第五十章》)
走在一條大道上,我最害怕的就是誤入歧途,但世人總是放着平坦的大道不走,非挑小路走。(《第五十三章》)
廟堂之上倒很乾淨,有權有勢的人,吃的好,穿得好,富得不得了,但田園荒蕪,倉廩空虛。這不是道,而是盜。(《第五十三章》)
一壯起來,就會衰老。老了,就會逼近死亡。……求壯屬於「不道」,「不道」就會早死。(《第五十三章》)
小孩,表面很柔弱,但生命力比大人強;女人,表面很柔弱,也比男人強。女人比男人活得長,更能適應惡劣環境。(《第五十五章》)
「嗇」是愛惜之義。不浪費金錢,不浪費精力,不浪費時間,就是「嗇」。(《第五十九章》)
謀難事,要從容易的事入手;做大事,要從細小的事入手。……聖人以易為難,所以到頭來沒有甚麼難。(《第六十三章》)

事情的發展都是從小到大,大樹都是從小苗往起長,高樓都是從平地往起蓋。事情的兩頭,一頭一尾最重要。事情還沒開始,亂子還未發生,最容易對付,聰明人應動手於開始,防患於未然。已經開始,已經發生,就比較麻煩,越管越管不了,越保越保不住,趁早別折騰。(《第六十四章》)

2015年3月22日星期日

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (四)

人性深處是生物本能,餓了要吃,渴了要喝,困了要睡,擋也擋不住。這種東西可以發展為貪財好色、怕苦怕死,好像全是缺點和弱點,但用於治術,正是動力所在。這是以人性為工具。當然不好聽,但很實在。(也就是說)……壓抑人性,壓抑本能,才是不道德。(《第三十八章》)
真正的愛是發自內心近乎本能的愛。忠誠也是這樣。……人的忠誠,比不了狗,原因就在,牠們的忠誠是發自本能。牠們不會講道德,也不知道德為何物,更不會為道德感動。(同樣)……真正令別人感動的人,自己往往不感動。……感動別人,而自己無所動心,也不知感動為何物的人,是在一個很高的境界。(《第三十八章》)
自作多情,自我感動,都是置身事外,沒有受過苦,遭過難,見過生離死別大場面的人。這種人,以閱世不多的知識分子居多。他們的文學渲染,很多都是酸菜罎子。(《第三十八章》)
古代君王的謙詞,……後面掩蓋的是絕對權力。(《第三十九章》)
一正一反,才有運動。……相反相成是道的動力。(《第四十一章》)
人,越喜歡甚麼,就越是會在甚麼東西上亂花錢;越想積聚甚麼,甚麼東西就散亡得越快。(《第四十四章》)
冬天太冷,蹦蹦跳跳,活動腿腳,可以禦寒,但夏天太熱,只有減少戶外活動,不急不躁,才能解暑。(《第四十五章》)
從知足中獲得滿足,才是最大的滿足。(《第四十六章》)

本來,照理說,要想了解地上的事,就得出門旅行,進行調查;要想了解天上的事,就得打開窗戶,仰望星空,觀察天道運行的規律。但《老子》故意說,不出門,也不打開窗戶,照樣可以知道這些事。……人,自個兒把自個兒關家裏,怎麼知道外邊的事?……在古代,很奇怪。我理解,作者強調的是,與其道聽途說,不如坐而悟道。……古代世界,很多大智慧,都是躲起來悟道,不是坐在樹下,就是鑽在山洞裏,還有對着牆壁發呆的。(《第四十七章》)
求知,總是越學越多;悟道,總是越悟越少。……專業化的知識分子,本事大,主要看誰讀書多,看誰能把本來看上去很簡單的事,越說越複雜。……但本事再大,也只是一半,好像爬樓,越爬越高。另一半更重要,是把複雜的東西簡化,何妨一下樓,但很多人卻下不來了。我理解,通俗是很高的境界,真正的通俗,絕不是白開水、小兒科,而是深入淺出,把複雜的事情,想得明明白白,也說得明明白白,這是最高境界。(《第四十八章》)

2015年3月8日星期日

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (三)

聖人治理天下,不是事必躬親,靠自己幹,而是設官分職,靠百官替他幹。百官各司其職,猶樸散而為器,道是散了,但聖人把它收攏,還掌握在自己手中。……(就像)真正高明的裁縫,絕不自己動手裁剪,而是靠夥計替他幹。(《第二十八章》)
戰爭是很殘酷的事,軍隊到哪兒,哪兒遭殃,荊棘叢生,一片荒涼。(《第三十章》)
善於作戰的人,只是為了取勝,不是為了逞強。即使取勝,也不狂妄自大,而是以不得已自居,懂得見好就收。如果不懂得見好就收,即使取勝一時,也算不上真正的強。(《第三十章》)
讚美用兵,就是以殺人為樂,以殺人為樂,是不可能得志於天下的。……戰爭很慘,沒有美感。打仗打上癮,喜歡從打仗中取樂的軍人,簡直是殺人狂。(《第三十一章》)
不光打仗,要知己知彼,待人處世,也要知己知彼。敵人難知,朋友也難知,自己的老婆、孩子,你都不一定瞭解。這是知人。而最難瞭解的,也許正是你自己。(《第三十三章》)
你要戰勝對手,首先要戰勝自己。自己戰勝自己,屬於『自強不息』,這樣的人,才是強人。(《第三十三章》)
「死而不忘者壽,……死而不忘,是活在後人的心裏,由於紀念,永垂不朽。……三不朽,才是《老子》說的。(《第三十三章》)
禮是道德的延伸,用以約束人的行為,……多強制性。……人家不理這一套,乾脆生拉硬拽,強人就己,不聽也得聽。(《第三十八章》)
道德和秩序,秩序更重要。天下無道,就是天下大亂,秩序大亂。道德很實際,也很脆弱,秩序一亂,馬上垮台。(《第三十八章》)

不宣傳,不提倡,……才能杜絕偽善,提倡真誠。(《第三十八章》)

2015年2月22日星期日

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (二)

動物的生存需要,止於食物和繁衍,人也有這兩大需求。統治者要滿足人民的這兩大需求,這是起碼。但光這兩條,則如同牛馬。(《第十二章》)
寵辱是外界對你的評價,應該置之度外,被人誇是意外,被人罵也是意外,別往心裏去,但一般人不是這樣,……把這些身外之物,看得太重,好像和身體一樣重要。(《第十三章》)
人生太完美,也是大遺憾。(《第十三章》)
人常常忘記他們過於熟悉的東西。身體對人最重要,但人最容易忽略的就是身體。只有當它的零件壞了,才會猛然想起,它對我們多重要。那時,你會覺得,吃喝拉撒睡,只要能正常活着,就是莫大幸福。(《第十三章》)
東西壞了就讓它壞了,不必求其完整或完美。(《第十五章》)
道德的供求規律是,越缺甚麼,才越吆喝甚麼。比如大講榮辱,一定是因為不講榮辱的事太多。(《第十八章》)
中國國情,人緣不行,甚麼都不行。(《第二十章》)
群眾是甚麼?我的『文革』體會是,只要條件成熟,馬上可以變成洪水猛獸。(《第二十章》)
踮起腳尖,使勁往上探身子,就會站立不穩。人為拔高自己,自己以為了不起,自高自大,自以為是,自我吹噓,都是沒有自知之明,事情辦不成,也幹不長久,在有道者看來,都是多餘,還遭人討厭。(《第二十二章》)

能夠做到人盡其才,物盡其用,這叫一貫的高明。(《第二十七章》)

2015年2月8日星期日

李零《人往低處走:〈老子〉天下第一》摘錄 (一)

人一出生,就被派定角色,還沒化妝就匆忙登場,劇情沒人知道。一撥人上去了,一撥人又下來了……誰是導演?(《題辭》)
甚麼都一清二楚,也就沒有神秘感。……虛着點,更有美學效果。(《寫在前面的話》)
種莊稼,養牲口,都要聽其自然,聽其自生,聽其自長,不要揠苗助長,一口氣養出個肥豬。(《第二章》)
天地是無情無義的,它把萬物當作草紮的狗,用完就扔了。(《第五章》)
人生天地間,不要東跑西顛亂打聽,而要盡量守著空虛。聽進的東西太多,會讓頭腦裝得太滿。太滿,就裝不進去了。……學得太多,懂得太多,頭腦裝不下,還不如無知一點好,就像飢餓才有胃口。(《第五章》)
古代思想家,不是現在所謂的科學家,他們不愛從定義出發,一開口,先給概念下定義。他們更喜歡打比方,打比方的東西都是借自生活,這種語言很生動。(《第六章》)
金玉滿堂,又怎麼樣?也不可能永遠摟在自己懷裏。富貴了就神氣,一闊臉就變,是自找倒楣。功成身退,才符合天道。(《第九章》)
無有無的用處……,畫家都懂得留白的意義。(《第十一章》)
太多的味覺享受,會讓人的味覺喪失,吃甚麼好東西都沒滋沒味。(《第十二章》)
追求奢侈,不是為了生存需要,而是為了感官享受,不光是視覺享受,也包括其他享受,包括大吃大喝,一直吃到上吐下瀉,把人都吃傷為止。(《第十二章》)